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06.05 2025

Don’t Sweat It: HVAC Maintenance Tips to Cut Cooling Costs This Summer

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June 2024

by Principal Trevor Ruhnke

Beat the Summer Heat For Less With HVAC Maintenance.

As the heat of summer approaches, one thing you should always be able to count on is your air conditioning. No one wants a hot home, and without a comfortable space, your customers might rather stay at home. Whether at home, office, or in business, you should always follow a yearly maintenance schedule for your HVAC system.

Air Quality

HVAC means Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning. With winter in the rearview, we now shift focus to the ‘V’ and the ‘AC’. Ventilation is all about air quality, and air quality is determined by filtration. Virtually all air-moving devices have some kind of air filtration. This is used to clean particles from the air stream, be that dust, pollen, smoke, or, with the best filters, bacteria and viruses.

Rooftop units, air handlers, furnaces, and most split-system units have a filter. in some cases, these are washable/reusable types, but in most cases, the filter needs replacement. Each piece of equipment will have a specified filter size and recommended Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value (MERV) rating. Over time, filters will do their job and trap airborne particles, which can lead to clogging the filter and a reduction in airflow.

A clogged air filter can increase energy consumption by extending the equipment’s run time due to reduced airflow. If left unchanged for too long, it may also cause the cooling coil to ice over, leading to system shutdowns and hot spaces. This is why replacement schedule is necessary and often identified in the equipment manual. Typically, a quarterly replacement schedule is recommended. While a helpful starting point, each situation is unique. If, for example, you have multiple shedding pets in your home, or your building has packaged rooftop units in a dry and dusty environment, more frequent replacement could be ideal.

Condensing Coil

The AC part of HVAC is more involved. Whether a rooftop unit or split system condensing unit, almost all AC system have a component located outdoors to reject the heat from the indoor space. Prior to your first heat wave, you should address the outdoor portion of the system. This mostly involves cleaning debris from the coils that have been built up during fall and spring. Leaves will often find their way into or stick to condensing units. These should be removed seasonally to ensure proper operation. Due to the action of the condensing portion, the fan will draw ambient air through a coil to remove heat. Depending on location, the ambient air can include all manner of debris. similar to filtration, over time, the condensing coil can start to get clogged with dust, leaves, bugs, and airborne plant seeds.

Throughout the Midwest, cottonwood trees and willow tree seeds are examples of regionally specific issues that can be seen floating in the air like snow. This ‘summer snow’ can eventually get pulled into the condensing coil and stick. This will, in turn, trap dust in the air and reduce airflow. Like a clogged air filter, a clogged condensing coil will result in less efficient operation and higher energy usage.

Coils come in different shapes, but the most common are finned tubes. These fins are soft and easily damaged. Hail is a common culprit for damage. Bent fins can reduce the heat transfer surface area and inhibit airflow. Coils should be inspected before the summer season to identify any damage. Fin Combs are readily available to help remove the debris and straighten bent fins to ensure the most efficient operation. Lastly, a low-velocity water coil cleaning will help maximize the unit’s efficiency.

Cooling Coil

Like the condensing coil, the cooling coil can become clogged over time as well. The results are similar: less efficient operation, and more energy consumption. In theory the air filtration should remove the majority of particulates from the airstream, but some will inevitably get through. Since the air is treated this could should stay clean for a longer time. However, the configuration of most equipment leads to airflow across this coil in both heating and cooling mode so it’s in operation all year long. While cleaning the indoor could can be a DIY job, the location and difficulty in access may make a professional service tech a better option.

Stay On Schedule

To add it all together, to maximize your HVAC equipment efficiency, minimize energy usage, and help prevent system issues and costly repairs, you should have a yearly HVAC maintenance schedule put together based on manufacturer’s recommendations and local environmental factors. Although most of these items can be DIY, with a large commercial space with a variety of system types it is often better to get a scheduled work contract with a reputable HVAC service provider. If you HVAC has not had the recommended maintenance performed, don’t delay. You can’t beat the summer heat without an efficient AC system.

Principal Trevor Ruhnke

05.07 2025

Don’t Dismiss the Box: How to Design It Right the First Time

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May 2024

by Principal Steve Petracek

Thinking outside the box… By Starting with One

The Basic ” box isn’t usually considered good architectural design. It’s commonly associated with warehouses, grocery stores, or home improvement centers — all built for pure function and efficiency. But maybe there’s more to it that that.

This blog is here to suggest that by rethinking how we approach the box, we can unlock new opportunities — especially when it comes to entertainment renovations and remodels. A few simple structural choices early on can go a long way toward making these spaces more adaptable down the road.

Planning for Possibility, Not Just Purpose

Instead of always letting function dictate the design, what if we allowed form to guide the function? A wide, open space — especially one without columns — gives you the most flexibility. Of course, most buildings still require columns, but they can be positioned intentionally to keep the space open, usable, and easy to adapt.

When the building’s lateral systems (the parts that resist wind or seismic movement) are handled with concrete, CMU, or steel frames placed around the perimeter, you reduce the number of interior obstacles. That means fewer headaches when the space eventually needs to change. We’ve seen plenty of projects where structural demising walls caused major issues — making renovations far more difficult and expensive than they need to be.

The Strength of the Box

Think of the box as a clean, open structure. Add columns only where necessary — just enough to carry the lid. The fewer, the better. These columns can define areas of the space (intentionally or not), so placing them with purpose is important. Once done right, that open plan becomes multifunctional. It can be repurposed, subdivided, or expanded with far less effort.

Elevating the Ordinary

A plain box might not sound attractive, but think or it like building blocks — they don’t all need to be the same size or shape. you can introduce depth and interest by stacking or staggering different volumes. When done thoughtfully , the very systems that hold the structures up —lateral frames, columns, etc. — can become architectural features instead of nuisances.

By placing those elements in key locations (along the exterior or in areas that are less likely to change), the design becomes more resilient. It’s a small move with big long-term benefits.

Design for What’s Next

The truth is, no one wants to design for change — but preparing for it is smart. The more flexibility you build in now, the easier (and more affordable) future upgrades will be.

So yes, let’s think outside the box — but maybe the smartest first step… is starting with one.

Principal Steve Petracek

11.25 2024

Unlocking Energy Savings: Your Guide to Commercial HVAC Energy Credits

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November 2024

by Levi Lawson

In today’s energy-conscious landscape, utility companies across the country offer energy credits and incentives to encourage replacing outdated HVAC systems with high-efficiency models. For building owners, these credits can offset the costs of upgrades, improve operational efficiency, and enhance environmental sustainability. Navigating commercial HVAC energy credits can be complex, but the financial and environmental benefits make it worthwhile. At TK Architects, our engineers have helped our clients maximize their energy credit potential in all five regions of the United States.

Understanding Energy Credit Programs

Utility companies, often regulated by state and federal energy efficiency mandates, design energy credit programs to encourage adoption of high-efficiency HVAC systems. These programs vary widely in scope, eligibility requirements, and payout structures. Generally, energy credits are offered in the form of:

• Utility Rebates: Require submission of an application post-purchase.

• Federal Tax Credits: Offered by the federal government for specific energy-efficient upgrades.

In addition to efficiency mandates, utility companies are motivated to reduce overall energy demand, particularly during peak usage times. When their customers install energy-efficient equipment, utilities can defer the need for new power plants and infrastructure investments. Energy credits are a win-win, promoting sustainability while helping utilities manage demand.

Financial Benefits

Upgrading to energy-efficient HVAC equipment provides financial benefits beyond energy credits. Key benefits to consider: 

•  Upfront cost savings: Energy credits can cover a portion of equipment costs, reducing initial capital outlay. Timing the upgrade properly helps to align with program cycles and funding availability, while still considering seasonal demand and potential downtime. Additionally, grants or special financing programs can be a good fit in certain cases. 

• Long-term energy savings: High-efficiency systems lower energy consumption and reduce utility bills, depending on the building size and usage patterns. Energy-efficient equipment typically has a higher upfront cost, so the credit can offset that as the payback period and ROI are being calculated.

• Tax advantages: In addition to utility credits, federal incentives like the 179D deduction can apply to commercial buildings meeting energy efficiency thresholds. Combine multiple incentives to stack them where permissible.

• Improved asset value and building comfort: Buildings with higher-efficiency equipment typically appraise higher than their standard counterparts. Additionally, an often overlooked benefit is enhanced comfort that comes along with improved climate control and air quality.

Identifying Available Energy Credits 

Local utility companies often have information on applicable rebates and incentives for their products available online:

• Visiting your local utility company’s website to explore available programs may help avoid common pitfalls. Some examples TK Architects commonly sees are not obtaining pre-approval, incomplete Construction Documentation, selecting standard equipment, and not being aware of completion or application deadlines.

• We advise at this time contacting utility representatives for detailed information. It is usually a free service offered where a utility agent or specialist can provide real dollar amounts for each piece of equipment. A recent project in Florida was offering $600-800 per rooftop unit depending on tonnage, plus an additional $500 each for providing a CO2 sensor for demand control ventilation. You will generally be asked to provide a Tax ID number for rebate payment quickly after installation.

• Federal tax rebates allow building owners to have deductions or credits applied to their tax liabilities. 

Procore

Identifying Eligible HVAC Equipment

To qualify for energy credits, HVAC equipment must meet specific energy efficiency standards. TK Architects has experience specifying equipment that complies with ASHRAE 90.1 Standards, SEER, EER, and HSPF, among others.

Examples of HVAC equipment types eligible for energy credits include:

• High-efficiency chillers and boilers

• Variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems

• High efficiency rooftop units (RTUs)

• Heat pumps (air source, water source, and geothermal)

Learning about eligible HVAC equipment can also point to future trends in energy credit programs. TK Architects is anticipating more aggressive credit programs targeting net-zero emissions as decarbonization efforts intensify. There might also be expanded eligibility for innovative technologies, such as more advanced heat pumps and energy storage options. And finally, there is also a very high likelihood that smart grid systems will enhance their integration to optimize energy use in commercial applications.  

Steps to Navigate the Process 

To explore energy credit opportunities, here are recommended steps:

1. Consult with an Engineering Professional at TK Architects to identify opportunities for improvement

Assessing current energy usage identifies inefficiencies in your existing HVAC systems and determines the potential benefits of upgrading. Existing buildings that have undergone remodels or have reduced occupancy (such as a theater recliner conversion) are great candidates for equipment replacement. We will also engage with manufacturers for equipment selection.

2. Research local utility programs

Utility companies typically publish details of energy credit programs on their websites. Often there are agents available to guide pre-approval. Many programs require pre-approval before purchasing or installing equipment. This ensures compliance and reserves funds for the project.

3. Obtain necessary Construction Documents

Engineers at TK Architects will create permit documentation outlining all equipment specifications and calculations. We will also assist with the application process and ensure compliance.

4. Submit applications

Ensure the selected equipment meets or exceeds the efficiency standards required by the utility program, complete all forms, include supporting Construction Documents, and follow submission guidelines. Keep a record of submission confirmations.

5. Installation and verification

Proceed with equipment installation. The energy credit programs will require post-installation verification and/or inspections for proof of purchase and installation. The installation contractor may also need to submit certification documents.

6. Receive Credits

Energy credits may come as a check, bill credit, or tax deduction. It is also advised to keep record for future reference or audits. 

Conclusion 

Navigating energy credits for replacement HVAC equipment in commercial buildings can be complex, and understanding the available incentives and the process is crucial. By conducting due diligence, engaging our professionals, and staying informed on program requirements, businesses can successfully leverage energy credits to make energy-efficient upgrades more affordable. As energy efficiency programs evolve, we at TK Architects are dedicated to staying informed and proactive, ensuring your business remains at the forefront of smart energy management.

Ready to explore how energy credits can support your next upgrade? Let’s talk!

Principal, Levi Lawson

10.22 2024

How to Build Successful Prototype Designs – Key Codes, Challenges, and Finishes

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October 2024

by Melissa Miller

Building prototype designs can offer numerous advantages for new building programs and franchise opportunities. A well-developed prototype speeds up permitting and construction timelines, reduces professional fees, and streamlines overall project delivery. However, as with all construction projects, challenges still arise from location to location. While we all appreciate the term “prototype,” each site presents unique variables that can impact the architectural design of a building. These differences include city requirements and local codes, site-specific conditions and spacing, availability of interior finishes, and client modifications.

First, let’s explore city requirements and local codes. Part of our initial research for any new project involves identifying the applicable code years. Codes differ by location, and each version can significantly impact a prototype building. For example, allowable building areas can differ. Larger buildings are often subject, to stricter regulations depending on the code year and building type. Altering a building’s construction type can impact numerous factors, including sprinkler system requirements and fire ratings.

Second, the characteristics of a building site can influence what can be constructed. Codes often dictate minimum distances between buildings to maintain fire safety. Ideally, we aim for at least 60 feet between structures. However, in developed areas, we understand that achieving this distance may not always be possible. When this happens, a deeper review of allowable areas and fire ratings is required. This could lead to adjustments in the exterior materials or fireproofing methods to ensure a safe structure. As Trevor mentioned in his last blog, the location of site utilities can impact the building’s plumbing and riser room placement, ultimately affecting the overall floor plan.

Another consideration is city-specific requirements for building appearance. These requirements typically come from planning and zoning departments. Some cities mandate more detailed façades to help new buildings blend with existing surroundings. Additionally, signage regulations—such as limitations on square footage, colors, and lighting—often vary by location and must be considered.

Lastly, interior finishes are another factor to keep in mind. While a consistent selection of finishes across all locations may be preferred (such as a particular tile for restrooms or carpet for lobbies), the availability of these materials can change over time. If a project has an extended design or construction timeline, certain finishes might be discontinued. Although this is less critical than fire ratings, it still requires attention and flexibility during the prototype process.

While the word ‘prototype’ is widely used in the architectural industry, achieving a truly prototypical building involves considering a variety of factors. At TK, we’re here to guide you through the process and help you create the building that fits your vision and site-specific needs.

If you haven’t already, we invite you to explore our previous blogs on prototype design, where we dive deeper into the intricacies of creating efficient and scalable buildings. If you have questions or would like to discuss your upcoming project, please reach out! We’d love to talk to you.

Principal, Melissa Miller

09.04 2024

Streamlining Prototype Design for New Construction Projects

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September 2024

by Trevor Ruhnke

Building prototype designs can offer numerous advantages for new building programs and franchise opportunities. A well-developed prototype accelerates permitting and construction timelines, streamlining the overall project delivery. However, like all new construction projects, challenges still arise, particularly in the realm of Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing (MEP) engineering. This blog explores the key considerations and solutions for optimizing prototype designs in the face of site-specific challenges.

MEP Engineering and Site Utilities

One of the first steps in MEP engineering is identifying the available utilities at potential sites, these findings would be coordinated with a civil engineer. The availability of natural gas is often the most significant factor influencing the design. Natural gas is typically utilized for heating in HVAC systems, domestic water heating, and commercial cooking equipment. However, if a prototype is designed to utilize natural gas, and the project site lacks this resource, two viable alternatives are commonly considered: propane and all-electric systems.

Option 1: Utilizing Propane

When natural gas is unavailable, propane can be an effective alternative. This option is less impactful on building systems and equipment design but requires significant consideration of site layout. Most HVAC and cooking equipment can be modified to use propane with simple adapters, and the gas piping will usually be similar in size, with slight variations based on the total fuel load.

However, propane storage poses a site challenge. Propane is stored in tanks, either above or below ground. The size of the tank is determined by the building’s load and the frequency of tank refills. Therefore, establishing a base tank size for each prototype is crucial when propane is the preferred option.

Option 2: All-Electric Building

The second alternative is to design an all-electric building. Equipment that typically relies on gas for heating can be equipped with electric elements. However, electric heating can substantially increase the load on the building’s electrical system, potentially requiring an upgrade to the building’s electrical service. This can lead to significant cost increases.

If an all-electric solution is preferred where gas is not available, this often results in the development of two separate prototypes to accommodate different energy sources.

Site Challenges: Water and Sewer Availability

Another potential challenge in new construction projects is the availability of domestic water. If a site is located far from municipal infrastructure, a water connection may not be available, necessitating the drilling of an on-site well. This process involves working with a well designer/vendor to test groundwater availability and design a system that meets the building’s pressure and flow requirements. Space must be allocated on the site for the well house, which typically includes the wellhead, pressure pumps, storage tanks, and a chlorinator system.

Similarly, if a site lacks access to a municipal sewer system, a septic system must be installed. While the interior building systems generally remain unchanged, the site must accommodate a septic drain field, as well as pumps and aerators, depending on the design. The size of the field will be determined by site characteristics and the percolation rate of the local soils.

In addition to water and sewer considerations, managing stormwater is crucial for any new construction site. Proper stormwater management ensures compliance with local regulations and prevents potential flooding or erosion issues. This requires collaboration with a civil engineer who can design an effective stormwater system tailored to the site’s specific conditions. The civil engineer will assess factors such as rainfall patterns, soil permeability, and topography to develop a system that efficiently handles runoff, incorporates retention or detention basins if necessary, and integrates seamlessly with existing infrastructure.

HVAC System Sizing and Geographical Considerations

The HVAC system is another critical component that may be impacted by site-specific factors. To function properly and efficiently, the HVAC system must be matched to the load of the space. Each prototype location may have different peak heating and cooling loads, particularly if there is significant geographical climate variation between sites. In such cases, the HVAC system may need to be resized, either through site-specific changes or by developing separate prototypes for similar climate zones.

Conclusion

Prototype project designs are an efficient way to accelerate building completion, but they require careful consideration of site-specific challenges. Evaluating potential sites for utility availability before lease or purchase negotiations can help select the best fit within a given area. While no two projects are exactly alike, MEP systems can be developed with flexibility in mind, minimizing the need for significant changes in response to specific site conditions.

If you’re considering developing a prototype design for your next building program or franchise opportunity, it’s essential to work with experienced professionals who understand the complexities of MEP engineering and site-specific challenges. Our team is ready to help you navigate these hurdles and ensure your project is optimized for efficiency and success. Contact us today to discuss how we can support your next project successful from start to finish.

Steve Petracek, Principal